Prototype 1 2
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Raptor engine Ī sea-level optimized Raptor at SpaceX's headquarter at Hawthorneīoth Starship's stages are equipped with Raptor engines, full-flow staged combustion cycle rocket engines consuming liquid methane and liquid oxygen. Its design has influenced other launch vehicles, such as both Terran R's rocket stage and second stages in Project Jarvis reusability and stainless-steel construction.
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The launch vehicle can be used to launch almost all space payloads, instead of being specialized at a facet of spaceflight. Ī Starship launch can deliver more than 100 t (220,000 lb) to low Earth orbit, and higher Earth, Moon, Mars, and other orbits can be accessed after the spacecraft is refueled by tanker Starships. Since SpaceX develops Starship via operational testing, meaning to fly prototypes directly instead of testing each components, its design can change rapidly. Starship and Super Heavy are also powered by Raptor and Raptor Vacuum engines, consuming liquid oxygen and methane. Starship consists of two stages: a Super Heavy booster and a Starship spacecraft both have a body made from SAE 304L stainless steel. It is 120 m (390 ft) high and has a 9 m (30 ft) diameter, taller than the Saturn V also by 9 m (30 ft). The goal of Starship is to be a fully reusable orbital launch and reentry vehicle. Technology developed for second stage reuse were then transferred to Starship's development. By late 2014, SpaceX replace parachutes with using first stage's engines to propulsively land and abandon reusing Falcon 9's second stage. At first, both stages were equipped with parachutes, but the mechanism failed to survive extreme heat during atmospheric re-entry. įrom at least 2009, SpaceX recovered first stages of several early Falcon 9 flights to assist development of reusable rocket stage. Also at that time, there have been numerous concepts and proposals of human mission to Mars, however, none of them made it to technology development phase.
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In the early 2010s, private spaceflight emerged and brought substantial competition into existing market, which notable space vehicles of that sector include Falcon 9, Electron, and LauncherOne. One example is the development of small-lift launch vehicles, which in 2008 the United States Air Force expected launch cost to be less than ten million United States dollars ($). However, many measures of cost reduction had been implemented by various agencies and companies with varying success. Little market competition emerged inside any national market, and within United States, high cost and preference in existing contractors made commercial launch service providers difficult to compete. As of October 2021, Super Heavy BN4 and Starship SN20 were expected to become first prototypes to attempt to reach orbital velocity.Īlthough a large-scale, self-sufficient, and developed space economy is the industry's aim, cost of accessing space has been a barrier to achieving it. The first complete Starship prototype was SN8, which crashed upon landing on 9 December 2020 and has raised many concerns about SpaceX's safety procedures on testing and damages to the surrounding environment. On 25 July 2019, Starhopper performed the first successful flight by any Starship prototype at SpaceX South Texas launch site. Starship was called the Mars Colonial Transporter, Big Falcon Rocket, and Interplanetary Transport System, each with different designs. With these capabilities, the rocket is incorporated into many space missions, such as the dearMoon project, NASA's Artemis program, and SpaceX's Mars program.
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Starship's large payload capacity to space and full reusability should make it both extremely cost-competitive and able to serve many facets of spaceflight, including space tourism, interplanetary spaceflight, and fast point-to-point flights between places on Earth. The launch vehicle consists of a reusable stainless-steel Super Heavy booster and Starship spacecraft, designed to hold liquid oxygen with liquid methane used by Raptor rocket engines. Starship is a class of fully reusable launch vehicle in development by American aerospace company SpaceX.